A chalazion (stye) is caused by inflammation and obstruction of a sebaceous glands (the glands that pproduce oily material to lubricate the skin). Depending on which glands are blocked, they can be superficial or deep.
Management is usually conservative and consists of warm compresses (awwet sterile gauze, as hot as can be tolerated) applied for 15 min 2-4 times daily in addition to massage. This can melt the lipid secretions thereby inducing resolution of the ductal blockage which underlies stye formation. Topical steroid application (drops) is useful to take care of the inflammation. Topical antibiotics are not always recommended but can be helpful if an infectious process is suspected.
Incision and drainage (شق و تنظيف) is reserved for cases that don't respond to the above mentioned measures and according to the ophthalmologist's clinical judgment.
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